LDCs and LLDCs face interlinked and compounding challenges - climate shocks, energy insecurity, supply chain disruptions, infrastructure deficits and elevated capital costs - that erode resilience and limit industrial growth. Landlocked economies are further hampered by high transport costs and dependence on transit corridors. Yet many of these countries hold significant untapped assets: renewable energy potential, critical minerals, and expanding regional integration frameworks that together provide a strong foundation for green industrial value chains and corridor-based development. The central bottleneck is finance. Investment in clean energy remains deeply skewed: between 2000 and 2020, emerging and developing economies (excluding China) received only 15% of global renewable energy investment, with Africa capturing just 2%. Since roughly 60% of required investment must come from the private sector, reducing real and perceived risk is essential. These demands require coordinated action across three levels: public finance instruments to de-risk and leverage private capital; national policies that turn commitments into bankable projects; and an international financial system that prioritizes the most vulnerable countries.

The UN's newly adopted Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI) offers a promising tool to move beyond income-based metrics, potentially unlocking concessional financing better calibrated to structural and climate-related vulnerabilities. Investing in low-carbon infrastructure - renewable energy systems, resilient grids, green transport corridors, and climate-proof industrial zones - is both an environmental imperative and a strategic investment in stability, economic security, and long-term competitiveness. This roundtable focuses on practical mechanisms to translate policy commitments into bankable projects and scalable investment pipelines, positioning green industrialization as a pathway to prosperity, stability, and economic sovereignty.